Things Fall Apart African Imperialism an Example by

Things Fall Apart: African Imperialism Imperialism is one of the most significant events that changed the dynamics of world civilizations. Imperialism provided the foundation for todays global society and made the world a much smaller place. Although imperialism is significant because it sparked modernity, imperialism has had many negative effects on societies. Imperialism was a tool that was used to oppress indigenous societies, so that imperialistic nations could gain access to their resources. One area that has been greatly impacted and is still recovering from imperialistic activities is Africa. Africa with all its great wealth and resources has been the center of imperialistic activities; providing slaves, gold, oil, diamonds, land and many other valuable resources for imperialistic nations. One story that captures the essence of the effects of imperialism is the novel Things Fall Apart. The novel Things Fall Apart illustrates the effects that imperialism posed on both Africans and Europeans, who struggled to adapt t o the changes in African society to ensure that their own traditions and customs were the norm throughout Africa. Need essay sample on "Things Fall Apart: African Imperialism" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed I'm not in the mood to write my paper online. I don't have the time Specialists propose: Get Your Essay Before The Deadline Paper Writing Service Cheap Writing Service Reviews Best Assignment Service Custom Writing Service Every imperialistic nation had its own imperialist motives and the novel Things Fall Apart depicted a few reasons why Europeans sought to colonize Africa. One of the major reasons why Europeans sought to colonize Africa was for its wealth. The novel was able to convey this motive with its description of the way the colonists immediately utilized Umuofia societys natural resources. Umuofia society was a village that was the main focus of the story and the novel showed that shortly after their arrival the colonists established trading posts to generate money. The colonists built a trading store and for the first time palm-oil and kernel became things of great price and much money flowed into Umuofia, (Achebe, 1994, p. 178) before the colonists arrival palm oil and kernel were not used to generate money. Europeans also wanted to colonize Africa because they wanted to extend their power and authority beyond their borders. This concept was illustrated in the book when colonists who came i n the form of Christian missionaries began setting up their own churches and systems of government. In which, apart from the church, the white men had also brought a government. They had also [sic] built a court where the District Commissioner judged cases in ignorance (Achebe, 1994, p. 174). The colonists basically used religion as a tool to infiltrate and uproot traditional African values and customs in order to fulfill imperialistic goals that consequently impacted Africans. European colonization of Africa had many impacts on Africans. One of the biggest impacts of colonization was the changing of traditional African customs. The novel illustrated how the colonists effectively used religion as a way of uprooting African society. The colonists preached to Umuofia society that their traditions and customs were wrong and challenged Umuofias religious practices. The colonists also lured Umuofia societys outcasts to Christianity, who subsequently became the first converts of Christianity, which sparked change throughout Umuofia society. Another effect of imperialism on Africans was their forced participation in colonial governments. Africans were forced to obey foreign rules and regulations, instead of traditional African rules and laws. Africans also felt the impact of imperialism when, colonists set up courts and prisons to punish Africans, taking away the power of village elders who had traditionally governed punishment. Colonial rule had essentially taken away the right for Africans societies to govern themselves, forcing them to live by foreign rules and customs. One lasting effect of colonial rule was that it broke down religious foundations, which was hard for many Africans to accept because they knew the society their ancestors built was altered forever. Although colonists were colonizing Africa for the benefit of their motherlands colonization also had an impact on colonists. Establishing a colony is no easy feat and the colonists knew it was not going to be easy to establish churches, governments, and trading posts, so they tried to do their best to win local people over to their cause. Ironically, one of the greatest effects that colonization had on Europeans was actually a positive effect in the eyes of Europeans. Europeans believed that they were doing a great service for Africans. Europeans believed that it was their obligation to control Africas resources, land, governments, and religion. This obligation was discussed in the novel, when the District Commissioner who arrested several elders of Umuofia society stated to them that, we brought a peaceful administration to you and your people so that you may be happy (Achebe, 1994, p. 174). Europeans truly believed they were improving the lives of African societies, and could not g rasp the concept that their activities were actually destroying long established societies and religions. The effects of Imperialism can still be seen throughout African today. In the wake of imperialism many African societies are currently in conflict and change. Imperialism has impacted the not only African societies negatively, but it has also impacted the world negatively and most people have come to realization that imperialism is an oppressive tool. Although the story of the Umuofia society is fiction, one can assume that if it were a real society, Umuofia society would have survived imperialism and would now be an independent society once again. Reference Chinua, C. (1994). Things Fall Apart. New York: Anchor Books.

Botanical Shampoo Essays

Botanical Shampoo Essays Botanical Shampoo Essay Botanical Shampoo Essay Even though it can make your hair more beautiful, there are harmful chemicals in it. However, it depends on what kind of shampoo you are using if it is natural or artificial. Furthermore, unwanted hair problems are because of air pollution that surrounds us. Shampoos can make our hair beautiful on the outside but have you ever conjectured what are in a shampoo? We never know because we Just purchase it for the reason that they are being sponsored by celebrities. The researchers themselves Greer to the fact that the purchasers doesnt care about the contents of shampoo anymore. As said in Mark 9:23, If you can said Jesus, Everything is possible for him who believes. This experiment will be possible if we will Just believe in him. Everything is we are facing today in the product-making process. Setting our minds into failures is not an option right now thus opening our minds with the positive result will help us more to continue whatever has been started. It may be work, project, or simply as this brand-new shampoo that is now being started at hand. The main subject of the researchers investigatory project is to initiate to you the most effective yet natural way on how to make your hair more beautiful, healthier and shinier without applying conditioner. Statement of the Problem Few people are able to wash their hair and let the matter rest at that; most need help Just to overcome the effects of modern living so the aim of our investigatory project is to be able to make a botanical shampoo with an outcome of a healthy hair. Specifically, this study answers to seek the following: 1. What are the effects in using a botanical shampoo in terms of: 1. 1 Strength of hair; 1. 2 Flow of hair; 1. 3 Shininess of hair; 1. 4 Hair scalp; and 1. 5 Oiliness of hair. 2. Variables: 2. 1 Independent Variables: Amount of each plant used for the shampoo 2. 2 Constant Variables: Hair Significance of the Study This study is considered as significant for the people who want gorgeous hair. Beautiful, shining hair is a valuable asset. This is the first reason why the researchers want to make their own shampoo. However, too much attention combined with the effects of a poor diet, pollution, air-conditioning nag central heating can harm your hair. To prevent this from happening, a daily hair care routine should be implemented. The researchers were thinking of something to do and at the same time very educational. The idea popped up that an inimitable shampoo can do the trick. This proposal is possible if at least you set your mind unto it. The researchers tried to do this experiment to prove that there is something better than your shampoo right now and it can be cheaper and all at once more effective. This will provide evidence to them that a shampoo made up of natural ingredients is ideal for any kind of hair, it maybe straight, curly, dry, frizzy, or tangled hair. To further understand it, you need to read more about this scheme. Scope and Delimitation The researchers will focus on the study of making a botanical shampoo. Different plant extracts will be used to create a new variety of shampoo that is called as Botanical Shampoo. The researchers will combine the extracts to make up with a botanical shampoo. In making this we will use different kinds of plant extract like Aloe Vera, simpatico, coconut oil and many more. We still are trying to fugue out the exact amount of plant extract that will be used here. This study may experience some shortcomings like, getting the extract of the plants can be tricky (especially for the first timers), the shampoo may go a little runny than expected and the shampoo may not do the Jobs it should be doing perfectly. The setup should be done in the kitchen or in the laboratory. The researchers will observe the results after using not be similar to the past hair. Definition of Terms Aloe Vera a species of succulent plant that is used in herbal medicine Botany study of plants Coconut Oil edible oil extracted from the kernel of matured coconuts Hair a fine, thread-like epidermis that grows on people nag animals Keratin a family of fibrous structural proteins Simpatico a species of Jasmine native to South and Southeast Asia which is also known for its fragrant smell Shampoo is a hair care product used for removal of oils, dirt, skin particles, dandruff, environmental pollutants and other contaminant particles that gradually build up in hair

The Line-Item Veto essays

The Line-Item Veto essays The line item veto came into effect January 1st, 1997 after being passed in an overwhelmingly Republican House, and the Senate, (with many objections by Senator Robert Byrd). However, the republican bill did not live for long, although it took a very long time to pass it, it was struck down in 1998 by a Supreme Court ruling. Although it was declared unconstitutional, President Bush still asks for it to this day, and it is likely that many more Republican presidents will. The implications of the bill, and the reasons around its end, form an ongoing challenge between Republican and Democratic views of the presidential power of the veto. The basics around the Line Item Veto stand as thus; its short lived glory under the administration of Clinton was an effective aid to his policy, as he made use of it 82 times in the one year that it lasted. Also it was a powerful tool in ridding the policy of federal expenses that only existed on bills to attract interest groups. Of course this anger ed Democrats, and so they thought, if outlawed, then bills that were mostly liked by presidents would still pass with the little lobbying amendments. As the Line Item Veto did not last long, there is not much history or usages of it to be described, such as many other bills that created famous cases. However, it is a bill that has been desired by many past presidents, predominantly Republicans, and so it is likely that in them, the legacy and desire for the Line Item Veto will go on. In history every president since Abraham Lincoln has asked for the power of the line item veto. It has been coveted mostly by the big time Republicans such as Reagan and Bush Senior. Despite the constant requests from almost every president, it was not passed until 1997, making Clinton the first president to ever have the power already given to forty-three governors, the power of the line item veto. The conservatives placed the line item veto on the policy agenda in an atte...

Nero Burning Rome - Why Its a Myth

Nero Burning Rome - Why Its a Myth Separated by almost two millennia from a devastating event in the ancient city of Rome, came a software program called Nero Burning Rom that allows you to burn discs. The event in ancient Rome was so significant that we still remember it, albeit, with crucial details confused. Rome burned, true, in A.D. 64. Ten of 14 districts burned. The involuntary demolition paved the way for Neros lavish building project that culminated in his domus aurea or Golden House and colossal self-statue. Nero, however, didnt burn Rome  or at least didnt start the burning. [See: Nero as Incendiary, by Robert K. Bohm; The Classical World, Vol. 79, No. 6 (Jul. - Aug., 1986), pp. 400-401.] Even had Nero been present at the time of the burning, the other tale told in connection with Nero burning Rome is untrue: Nero did not fiddle while Rome burned. At most he played a stringed instrument or sang an epic poem, but there were no violins, so he couldnt have fiddled. Tacitus on Nero Tacitus (Annals XV) writes the following about the possibility of Nero burning Rome. Notice that there are others who were deliberately setting fires and that Nero acted with some compassion towards the suddenly homeless. A disaster followed, whether accidental or treacherously contrived by the emperor, is uncertain, as authors have given both accounts, worse, however, and more dreadful than any which have ever happened to this city by the violence of fire. It had its beginning in that part of the circus which adjoins the Palatine and Caelian hills, where, amid the shops containing inflammable wares, the conflagration both broke out and instantly became so fierce and so rapid from the wind that it seized in its grasp the entire length of the circus. For here there were no houses fenced in by solid masonry, or temples surrounded by walls, or any other obstacle to interpose delay. The blaze in its fury ran first through the level portions of the city, then rising to the hills, while it again devastated every place below them, it outstripped all preventive measures; so rapid was the mischief and so completely at its mercy the city, with those narrow winding passages and irregular streets, which characte rised old Rome. Added to this were the wailings of terror-stricken women, the feebleness of age, the helpless inexperience of childhood, the crowds who sought to save themselves or others, dragging out the infirm or waiting for them, and by their hurry in the one case, by their delay in the other, aggravating the confusion. Often, while they looked behind them, they were intercepted by flames on their side or in their face. Or if they reached a refuge close at hand, when this too was seized by the fire, they found that, even places, which they had imagined to be remote, were involved in the same calamity. At last, doubting what they should avoid or whither betake themselves, they crowded the streets or flung themselves down in the fields, while some who had lost their all, even their very daily bread, and others out of love for their kinsfolk, whom they had been unable to rescue, perished, though escape was open to them. And no one dared to stop the mischief, because of incessant me naces from a number of persons who forbade the extinguishing of the flames, because again others openly hurled brands, and kept shouting that there was one who gave them authority, either seeking to plunder more freely, or obeying orders.Other ancient historians were quicker to put the finger on Nero. Heres what the court gossip Suetonius says:38 1 But he showed no greater mercy to the people or the walls of his capital. When someone in a general conversation said: When I am dead, be earth consumed by fire, he rejoined Nay, rather while I live, and his action was wholly in accord. For under cover of displeasure at the ugliness of the old buildings and the narrow, crooked streets, he set fire to the city so openly that several ex-consuls did not venture to lay hands on his chamberlains although they caught them on their estates with tow and fire-brands, while some granaries near the Golden House, whose room he particularly desired, were demolished by engines of war and then set on fi re, because their walls were of stone. 2 For six days and seven nights destruction raged, while the people were driven for shelter to monuments and tombs.Suetonius Nero Nero at this time was at Antium, and did not return to Rome until the fire approached his house, which he had built to connect the palace with the gardens of Maecenas. It could not, however, be stopped from devouring the palace, the house, and everything around it. However, to relieve the people, driven out homeless as they were, he threw open to them the Campus Martius and the public buildings of Agrippa, and even his own gardens, and raised temporary structures to receive the destitute multitude. Supplies of food were brought up from Ostia and the neighbouring towns, and the price of corn was reduced to three sesterces a peck. These acts, though popular, produced no effect, since a rumour had gone forth everywhere that, at the very time when the city was in flames, the emperor appeared on a private stage and sang of the destruction of Troy, comparing present misfortunes with the calamities of antiquity.At last, after five days, an end was put to the conflagration at the foot of th e Esquiline hill, by the destruction of all buildings on a vast space, so that the violence of the fire was met by clear ground and an open sky. But before people had laid aside their fears, the flames returned, with no less fury this second time, and especially in the spacious districts of the city. Consequently, though there was less loss of life, the temples of the gods, and the porticoes which were devoted to enjoyment, fell in a yet more widespread ruin. And to this conflagration there attached the greater infamy because it broke out on the Aemilian property of Tigellinus, and it seemed that Nero was aiming at the glory of founding a new city and calling it by his name. Rome, indeed, is divided into fourteen districts, four of which remained uninjured, three were levelled to the ground, while in the other seven were left only a few shattered, half-burnt relics of houses.Tacitus AnnalsTranslated by Alfred John Church and William Jackson Brodribb. Also see: Nero Fiddled While Rome Burned, by Mary Francis Gyles; The Classical Journal Vol. 42, No. 4 (Jan. 1947), 211‑217.

Critical Analysis for Managers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Critical Analysis for Managers - Essay Example In case there are hitches in the systems or the cultural elements are disjointed, the organization ends up performing below its standards. Through a case study, this paper will compare and contrast the systems and cultures and discuss the extent to which each can illuminate and inform the management role. In Disney-Smile Factory case, the employees identify themselves with the organization. The organization has been able to develop a positive culture which ensures that the employees are proud of working in Disneyland. For instance, Disneyland look is often a source of some amusement to the subordinates who feel privileged to be part of the group that puts a smile on the faces of thousands of the customers who visit the park each day. As a result, even during stressing days, employees are able to control their emotions and deal with delays and queries emanating from the customers without feeling aggrieved by the load of the work and responsibilities (Inceoglu 2002). The systems have played a significant role in enabling the employees to feel as a part of the organization. For instance, the organization has ensured that the systems that are in place minimize the contact of the employees with the customers (Murthy 2007). Therefore, when they are needed to intervene, the employees go out of their way in order to initiate contact with Disneyland customers. However, such a hitch does not make the employees feel as if it’s odd. This is because they are satisfied with the working environment in the organization and they are always ready to ensure that they go out of their way in order to ensure that the customers are satisfied with the services being offered (Hiriyappa 2009). This aspect has played a significant role in increasing customer loyalty towards the organization. Furthermore, it has lowered the level of turnover in the organization. The systems especially those

Conflict resolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Conflict resolution - Essay Example The subject of conflict resolution is and will always remain vital despite the organizational philosophy adopted for mediating worker-worker relationship (Daniel, 2001). Furthermore, because of increased global competition and attendant demand to increase profitability by reducing the bottom line; it is a fact worth noting that conflict in the modern workplace is more than ever likely to be attributable to both in-fighting over limited resources bases within and between firm units and lessened opportunities for stable employment(Daniel, 2001). In writing about conflict resolution, Daniel discussed about three conflict resolution theories which include: power contests, rights contest and interest reconciliation. In this paper, the main focus will be on interest reconciliation as a way of resolving conflict. In trying to understand ways for resolving conflict, the paper will use the 1926 United Kingdom general strike as an example. Discussion Interest reconciliation, according to Danie l, is one of the best methods for solving either personally or at organizational level. The interest reconciliation theory involves a crucial step of recognizing potential for conflict of interest. In many instances, effective conflict resolution can make a difference between negative and positive outcomes (Daniel, 2001). The following is some viable steps that arise from interest reconciliation as a way of resolving conflict, as lifted from the works of Daniel (2001). This mostly applies to organization or government institutions as the case of 1926 UK conflict. Develop a clear policy on disclosure, so that all the stakeholders know what outside interest must be divulged. This is necessary because sometimes affected parties might have not recognized the conflict or did not reveal it in good time. Distribute this information or policy to each and every that is affected by the conflict either directly or indirectly. This will make the information available to the world at large. Keep the policy proportionate. For example, it may arise that a person who has a conflicting interest should just dislodge himself from a decision-making process or a particular meeting. The next step is to develop a clear policy that will handle the situation by ensuring that a person does not disclose conflicting interest. The 1926 UK general strike was a general strike that lasted nine days. It was a conflict between general council of the Trade Union Congress (TUC) and the British government. The main area of conflict was the demand by the TUC to force the government to prevent the wage reduction and worsening conditions for 800,000 locked-out coal miners. The workers maintained resistance for a few months before their own economic demands forced them to go back to the mines. On May 1926, the trade union congress announced that the strike was called off after a return to work formula was developed between them and the British government. This was after thorough consultation with the concerned parties and after some interest has been satisfied. As can be noted, the above example is true description of how interest reconciliation can be used to resolve conflicts. Both the TUC and the British government had different interest at first. However, with the emergence of conflict, they were forced to reconcile their

Simmons Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Simmons Case Study - Essay Example Other than one of it's plants, they were all run military style, turnover was high and it appeared to no one was very happy to be coming to work and even more important the managers had no sense of responsibility for their staff other then to drive them in their jobs. The economy had turned sour after 911 and their competitors were beginning to do somewhat better. To top it all, they had lost good contact with customers and with suppliers and had just instituted a bad set of foam that made their mattresses smell bad. In this atmosphere, their CEO wanted to institute a training program that was very expensive and very innovative. When money is tight, it is most difficult to think about pushing forward into something new, especially if you are at the helm, the CEO. On the average, during a recession the employees are at their lowest moral and the worth of an excellent leader becomes more important than ever. According to Leb (2009), there are many things that the leader must be able to do and certainly the ability to do and one of those is to inspire those who are employed by him. In support of innovation during hard times is a survey done by Bloomberg Business Week (2009), in which they surveyed CEO's that had put in place new and innovative programs during hard times in the economy and in their companies. ... It is easy for the leadership of an organization to throw up their hands, similar to the employees, and say "there is just nothing we can do right now" and ride it out. The biggest problem with that kind of attitude is the fact that someone will pull out of head while you are waiting. In evaluating whether this should happen, a couple of things came to mind. Simmons believes in CHOICES which is the caring, history, opportunity, innovation, customers, empowerment, and support. The culture of the company does not provide for this belief. Only one plant in the several has managed to accomplish this kind of atmosphere, therefore, they need to change their values and cultural beliefs or the way they do things. The other is ethical beliefs of fairness, respect, integrity, and fostering growth and development in others. Under the present organizations culture, none of these things are happening at the level of the employees as the present managerial group continues to run the company like a dictatorship and employees are generally very unhappy (Casciaro & Edmondson, 2007). The main objectives of GGOL were to help people understand what their full potential at work might be. Their philosophy was that "profitable organizational growth is a result of satisfied and loyal customers; a committed, cooperative, and creative organizational culture; and a leadership team that empowers and serves the workforce." After seeing the video, it became obvious that this is built from the individual up, not the other way. Employees must understand where they fit in and how to interact without fear and with trust, in order to improve the processes that would lead to

HR management , managing people for competitive advantage Essay

HR management , managing people for competitive advantage - Essay Example About competitive advantage, Olsen states, â€Å"It is what you do best that draws customers to buy your product/service instead of your competitor's†. Competitive advantage provides many considerable benefits to the companies, such as, increase in the levels of productivity, increase in the profits, and creation of a loyal client base. Some of the factors, which contribute towards achievement of competitive advantage in the market, include good public relations strategy, effective business management strategy, provision of premium quality products to the consumers, and a talented and efficient workforce. Effective marketing strategies also play a great role in making a company achieve and maintain competitive advantage. About the importance of marketing strategies in this regard, Tatum states, â€Å"Aggressive and appealing marketing campaigns can help to establish a company and its product line as being highly desirable†. Implementation of generic business strategies and presence of an efficient workforce are two of the most important factors behind achievement of competitive advantage in the market. In this paper, we will discuss what recruitment is and how human resource department of a company can manage the workforce for achieving competitive advantage. ... Employees work for the production of high quality products, which is one of the main factors for the achievement of competitive advantage. Along with the process of recruitment, effective management of the workforce is also very important in order to achieve competitive advantage. HR department is mainly responsible for the management of all issues related to employees. If employees are satisfied with a company, they work with more commitment and dedication, which brings more benefits to the company in the form of increased productivity and profitability. Therefore, managers need to take care of all needs of the employees in order to make them competitive and productive for the company. Recruitment is a very sensitive process because success of a company primarily depends on the number of proficient and skilled employees working for the company. Some companies make use of recruitment agencies for the selection of right candidates. About recruitment agencies, Worth states, â€Å"Such agencies are experts in evaluating a hiring company's needs against the skills and experience of job seekers†. The HR management of the company contacts recruitment agencies whenever the company needs new employees. Recruitment agencies advertise jobs through different media, collect resumes of the candidates, interview potential candidates, match employee skills with hiring company’s requirements, and maintain a proper database of all candidates. The management staff of the company provides all details to the agencies, which helps the agencies recruit best employees for the company. Such details include job description, job responsibilities, list of required and preferred education, required skills and experience, and the pay scale. Based on

Major fire or explosion at an industrial production, transportation, Research Paper

Major fire or explosion at an industrial production, transportation, or storage facility. I have picked the phillips disaster of 1989 - Research Paper Example The explosive force is said to be 2.4 tons of TNT triggered by unidentified source of ignition. The ignition sources could be catalyst activator, forklift, welding or cutting-torch equipments or the electrical gear in the control rooms or in the finishing building. The debris spewed to a distance as far as six miles and seismographic data revealed the explosion at 3 to 4 on the Richter scale. The main explosion was followed by another explosion within 15 minutes when two huge isobutene storage tanks exploded. In all, there were six more explosions at the site (Bethea, Robert). The initial explosion caused the death of 23 persons which included 21 employees from the Phillips and two were from contractors maintenance team. All fatalities occurred within 250 ft of the initial gas point of release (Bethea, Robert). 2. Phillipss operating procedure mentioned that the pipes that supply air to the valve actuator should not be connected during the time of maintenance; however, that was not the case as it could be connected during maintenance. 3. The air supply valves were in the open position to allow the air flow making the actuator to rotate the Demco valve as soon as the hoses were connected. The valve lockout system was not such that it could prevent someone from opening the Demco valve during maintenance of the plant. (Bethea, Robert) b) The lockout device was taken out from the Demco with the air supply reconnected and the block valve was in open state with the leg closed which was subsequently opened to the atmosphere without Demco valve relocked (Bethea, Robert). The site had no fixed gas detection system though it held huge quantity of inflammable material under high pressure. This prevented early warning signals of gas leak or release (Health and Safety Executive). In an attempt to douse the fire, firewater was taken from the

Roman Art Essay Example for Free

Roman Art Essay The ancient Greeks and Romans left such artistic treasures in art and architecture that the world is still using them as models. Their sense of style and symmetry was such that everything seemed to fit together perfectly. There was an emphasis on the capture of beauty and perfection so that what is left will always be classic art. The Statue of Meleager and A Grave Marker are perfect examples of how statues from two different empires represent the societies and the artistic periods of their day. Two unknown sculptures produces both The Statue of Meleager and A Grave Marker. Lack of records is a sad fact of much of the artistic works of the ancient periods. Many could not read or write even if they were accomplished artist. The records that were kept have had to constantly battle the test of times. Much of the materials used for writings simply could not stand up to the elements of time. Then of course, many important documents were destroyed each time a different empire would overtake the one before it. So the world is left with incredible pieces of art work yet it will never know whose hands crafted it with such talent. These two statues are no different. It is evident by the craftsmanship that whoever carved them, were not armatures, but talented sculptures. Their works have remained, but the names and lives are lost forever. Since the sculptures’ identities are lost forever, there is no way of knowing who the patrons of these great works of art were. However, there surely would have been a patron of each of the works. The sculpture of a youth from A Grave Marker has been recognized as being from circa three hundred and eighty B. C. Since it is a grave marker, there surely would have been a patron. It would have been commissioned after the death of this young man since the death of one so young would not have been expected. The patron would have been wealthy since many of the graves in ancient Greece were not marked at all. This one proclaims wealth and importance. Even though the Greeks tried hard to not have a social hierarchy, There was a notable social mobility for certain groups, and exception not permitted in ancient Greece. (D’Ambre) The fact that the subject is a youth points toward some kind of family importance because he would not have lived long enough to have established his own life and accomplishments. This grieving patron would have hired the best that Greece offered at the time. The sculpture would have to have known the subject to have created such a life like image. There were no photographs at the time so the work would have had to be done from memory. Therefore the sculpture would have also been in a state of mourning when the work was done. The Stature of Meleager would also most likely been commissioned by a patron. The time and materials that it took to produce a work like this would not have been something that a sculpture would not have had the money to produce. It would have taken a great deal of time to sculpt and the artist would have needed money to live. This could have only been possible if he was paid for his services. This statue was produced during the Hellenistic Period which was a time that Greece was under Roman rule. Since the subject is of a god, there is a possibility that the patron could have even been the government. The subjects and uses of A Grave Marker and the Statue of Meleager were quite different. A Grave Marker had a youth who was robbed of his life while young as the subject. He was obviously a real person, while Meleager was a mythological god. The young man, as stated earlier, would have been from a prominent family and possibly even a family that was involved in a high ranking political official. The purpose of the statue was to mark the grave of this young man. The family would have wanted this statue so that they would not forget him and that family throughout the ages would get to see the magnificence of this young man who died too soon. Not only would family be reminded of him, but the rest of the world as well would know that he existed. It would have also had the purpose to help relieve the grief that this family obviously suffered. There would be an image on which they could focus. This image would have captured this young man when he was at his best and so could the family focus on the best time of the subject’s life. The Statue of Meleager would have had the purpose of illuminating the greatness of the Greek god, son of Althaea and Oeneus. He was married to Cleopatra and produced two children, Parthenopeus and Polydora. However, he was in love with Atalanta, a huntress. It was because of her that he had to kill her two brothers, and this led to his death. The purpose of this statue in society was to keep alive the memory of the gods of Greece. When viewed by a person of that culture, he/she would be reminded of the story of this god. Both statues would have been for public display. A Grave Marker would have been outwardly displayed on the grave and the Statue of Meleager would have been prominently displayed in a public place or the garden or courtyard of a wealthy person to be seen at lavish parties and get togethers. Both statues are made of marble so that they would last for many years. Therefore, they would have been made for display instead of decoration. Most sculptures would have been painted, but the painted exterior of has worn away with time. Romans were nearly exclusive in the mixtures of supplies used both for painting and sculptures because of the cost. A Grave Marker is the oldest of the two sculptures. The sad countenance of the young man whose likeness is portrayed allows the viewer to experience the tragic sadness of a life that has been lost too soon. The lines are delicate and flowing while they create a feel of movement. While the hair seems tight and a little unrealistic, it could symbolize the harsh stiffness that is present in death. The statue only consist of the torso and head of the subject perhaps suggesting that he was cut down in life as he is in the statue. The Statue of Meleager is missing its head. However, the grace that the body can only allow the viewer to imagine the delicacy of what the head would have looked like. Meleager is standing, but instead of seeming harsh and erect, he is leaning slightly onto a stump for support, while a wrap is draped fluidly around his neck and shoulders. There are no harsh lines in this stature, only curves, that while delicate, they do not take away from the masculinity of the subject. Works Cited D’Ambre, Eve. Roman Art. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1998. Ramage, Nancy. Ramage, Andrew. Roman Art. New York: 2008.

Is Media Globalization A Form Of Cultural Imperialism Media Essay

Is Media Globalization A Form Of Cultural Imperialism Media Essay It can be argued that media globalisation can be a form of cultural imperialism but others may argue that its not. Many critics have defined globalisation or media imperialism as an important channel for the expansion of consumer-based culture extending across borders (Tomlinson J. 1997, p22). The critics have also defined the growing phenomenon of people from North America who tend to buy media and entertainment products from there. As a result they are heavily influenced with what the media tells them that the consumers seem to be led in one direction of culture and hence the effect of this is that people are dislodged from their own culture because of cultural imperialism which is a direct result of media globalisation and the effects of it. Media globalisation can play a huge role in various cultures thus impending cultural imperialism. For instance, the generation of ideas and culture from the developed and modern west to the undeveloped world such as Asia can result in homogenisation of consumerist culture which can endanger and alter cultural values (Tomlinson J. 1997, p23). Media imperialism can be defined as a progression where the arrangement, ownership allocation and the actual content of the media in a specific country can be influenced by external pressures from the content of the media in other countries or country without the same response of influence from the country that is affected (Boyd-Barrett, O. 1998, p160). The concept of media imperialism was developed after a broader analysis of cultural imperialism and dependency took place. Imperialism could differ in relation to other forms of media which consist of diverse heights, proportions of activity in various different media sectors. The definition itself refers to ownership, structure, distribution or content (Boyd-Barrett, O. 1998, p162). Many factors can affect media globalisation such as economic, social, cultural and political factors. Media globalisation is a form of cultural imperialism as media in places such as America with channels such as CNN broadcast government news which can most assuredly influence people from around the world as television is a communication channel and depending on what industry they belong to, it may biased thus it would contribute towards cultural imperialism which shows how the media integrates and thus affect it (Straubhaar, J.D. 1991, p40). During the 1960s and the 1970s America and some other First World nations took the media to their advantage. America challenged the idea of the emergence of news and cultural factors for example film, music, television and advertisements and thus entertainment was portrayed through the media which helped to develop many countries (Straubhaar, J.D. 1991, p40). Some critics such as Herman and McChesney argue that the main universal avenue, specifically in regards to the media, is still taken over by the American interests and by the American domestic market, although its importance may turn down as other nations become more prosperous and become more media active (Straubhaar, J.D. 1991, p40). With the widespread of the Internet, it has given the media another channel to which to interact with the world and is the most useful, all-encompassing channel of communication used throughout the world. Media globalisation has greatly expanded the significance of communication through various media channels such as social networking sites on Facebook which has become so dominant that people from around the globe and from countless different cultures use these communication channels even though it originally originated from the West but which still has many affects on the less developed world. The radio is also another form of media which can generate globalisation in the sense that it has universal accessibility. The radio has been around for hundreds of years and it still seen as an influential tool in helping and expanding ideas around the globe. The radio in Europe was mainly used for governmental uses during the times of war and thus other countries from around the globe considered the radio as a popular movement as well as a political dissenter which was used to criticise the state policies (Boyd-Barrett, O. 1998, p162). Furthermore, the radio is a tool which can be used for media purposes, educational, entertainment and they provide as useful political mediums to benefit the community. Hence, although many people treat the Internet as a worldwide, electronic device which is best known for democracy at its peak, it has led to a divide and has its own disadvantages. The Internet and technology itself has affected many social and economic factors within the society which has also affected those living in undeveloped countries that people who are poor do not have access to the Internet and considering that the Internet is part of a global movement, they seem to be neglected. The radio can still solve this issue in the sense that the radio has been around for many years and the less fortunate people may have some or little access to it and can contribute to everyday debates, politics and communication (Boyd-Barrett, O. 1998, p162). In summary, media globalisation affects people on so many levels depending on which form of media they use that although the Internet revolution may leave some people neglected, the radio may help and act as a substitute. Thus the form of cul tural imperialism will depend on who uses what media and whether they are influenced by it or not. Schilers early definition of cultural imperialism was highly inclusive. He described it as the total of the procedures in which the community is placed into the modern world system and how powerful it is that it tends to attract, force or even induce social institutions by shaping them (Stevenson N. 1999, p22). Thus the way the social institutions are shaped, it liaises and advertises the morals and structures of the powerful centre of the actual system. There is no globalisation without media and communication but this is sometimes ignored. The media itself acts as a connector which interconnects different cultures from around the globe. Marshall McLuhan describes globalisation as inter-relations amid various countries which aim to highlight the electronic media and technology which increasingly integrates the world and therefore the events in a certain country may be experienced in real-time by other people which would make the world more integrated (Eds. Golding P. Harris P. 1997, p17). Hence people from around the world are imposed by the cultural imperialism which takes place in regards to the media which heavily influences the public. The fusion of different cultures from different countries can be integrated, mixed and represented into various foremost forms of media representation which can form the media globalisation and multiculturalism. The expansion of the business model of media, foreign investment in the media and the power of multinational advertisers were seen to threaten the use of media for nationally determined, development -oriented purposes (Eds. Golding P. Harris P. 1997, p16). Media globalisation is a form of cultural imperialism as the media is tied in with the cultural concepts which originate from the financial dealings of dependency. Thus the minor or Third World countries are dependent on the industrialised world for money, technology and commodities whilst delivering cheaper items ensuing in little advantage to the local economy (Eds. Golding P. Harris P. 1997, p16). Therefore, the role of this culture is to make the undeveloped countries satisfied with what they have. This idea is similar to Gramscis theory of hegemony, in which the privileged battle to use the media and in order to set a prominent ideology for culture and informational uses (Eds. Golding P. Harris P. 1997, p18). In conclusion, there are many theories in regards to media globalisation and whether it is a form of cultural imperialism. The media imperialism is not structured. Boyd-Barrett depended on an experimental definition. He believed that media imperialism was unequal in the sense it provided different set of connections amongst countries specifically in regards to the media (Straubhaar, J.D. 1991, p40). On the other hand, Marxist centered his theory on the inequality of power and the path in which the media flows whereas Lee described the stages of media imperialism which was observed. He particularly focused on the emergence of television, overseas savings and the adoption of foreign models and their impact on cultures (Straubhaar, J.D. 1991, p40). However, some other critics noticed that Lee had missed several correlations between the bigger context of dependency and the media especially advertising as the focal point (Straubhaar, J.D. 1991, p40).

Green Flash from the Sun :: weather sunset

Many think it's just a myth. Others think it is true but its cause isn't known. Adventurers pride themselves on having seen it. It's a green flash from the Sun. The truth is the green flash does exist and its cause is well understood. Just as the setting Sun disappears completely from view, a last glimmer appears startlingly green. The effect is typically visible only from locations with a low, distant horizon, and lasts just a few seconds. A green flash is also visible for a rising Sun, but takes better timing to spot. A slight variant of this was caught in the above photograph, where much of the Sun was still visible, but the very top appeared momentarily green. The Sun itself does not turn partly green, the effect is caused by layers of the Earth's atmosphere acting like a prism. The Green Flash Definition and Description: The green flash is an atmospheric refractive phenomenon where the top edge of the sun will momentarily turn green. It is seen rarely by the naked eye, primarily because it requires specific conditions to occur, but also because it requires the observer to know what to look for. Despite the name, there is no "flash;" the event only lasts from a fraction of a second to at the longest, a few seconds. The Basic Cause: Refraction bends the light of the sun. The atmosphere acts like a weak prism, separating the light into diferent colors. Blue light is bent more strongly than red. But this refraction is very weak even at the horizon, which is why the sun isn't seen as being multi-colored in the daytime. The effect is magnified by the atmosphere, and at the horizon there is a lot of atmosphere between the sun and the viewer. Layering in the atmosphere causes an effect similar to a horizontal cylindrical lens: the separation of the color bands is exaggerated in the vertical direction. Conditions: The green flash is best observed when you have a clear view of the horizon, with no objects or pollution in the line of sight. Usually you need to be able to see a distance of several miles out, almost to the point where the curvature of the Earth defines the limit. Because of this, the green flash is most often reported by the ocean.

Watson and Crick Essay -- essays research papers fc

WATSON & CRICK   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The article, â€Å"Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid†, written by Watson and Crick, was a stepping stone on the path of discovery for the building blocks of life. In this article, Watson and Crick briefly state previous theories on the structure of DNA were incorrect in certain aspects but correct in others. Watson and Crick later went on to describe their version of a double helical structured DNA. They indirectly state the importance of their discovery which later them to winning the noble prize.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Previous to this publication, there were at least two other theories on the structure of deoxyribose nucleic acid. The first theory was that the structure â€Å"consisted of three intertwined chains, with the phosphates near the fiber axis, and the bases on the outside.† (Watson and Crick, 4/2/53) This theory had been proposed by Pauling and Corey. Later a second theory was mentioned, but not very dwelled upon, in Watson and Crick’s paper. Fraser had also suggested a triple wined chain. However, Fraser also suggested that â€Å"the phosphates are on the outside and the bases on the inside, linked together by hydrogen bonds.† (Watson and Crick, 4/2/53)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Watson and Crick developed a double chained helix with the bases inside and the phosphates outside. By studying the Pauling and Corey theory, they discovered that where they had the phosphates and the bases were incorrectly placed...

Principles Fundamentals Of Marketing Essay

Evolution of the concept of modern marketing The concept of marketing has been present for centuries. However, the concept of modern marketing was established in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The first concept of modern marketing was based on the idea to sell whatever was being produced with no direct relation to what customer required. There were three assumption on which the concept was based: presence of a ready market to absorb whatever was produced, lower production cost to increase profits and just having very few basic product varieties. This was known as marketing done through product orientation and lasted from 1869 to1930 (Stone, 2001, p. 11). The above concept of marketing meant mass-product of products at low costs, which meant surplus of unsold goods, which led to the failure of the theory. Supply had outstripped demand and there was competition among competitors. Hence, at this stage, the demand needed to be tailored to the supply and also the customers needed to be persuaded that their product was better than the competitors. This was the phase when marketing was done via sales orientation and lasted from 1930-1960 (Stone, 2001, p. 11). Many of the sales tactics employed by sales people were dubious and in some cases totally dishonest. This led to customers getting put off by the tactics and led to huge losses for companies. At this stage the companies started recognizing customers as kings and the products started being tailor made for the customers, with much variety. Market segmentation too began at this stage to differentiate between product varieties. A lot of emphasis was put on innovative selling, social responsibility among companies. This is the marketing oriented concept and started from 1960 till the late 1990 (Applbaum, 2004, p. 203). While the concept still works, rapid globalization starting in the 1990s has ensured that the market size cannot be increased beyond a certain stage, and hence many of the companies have started looking at creating demand and satisfying them. This is the latest trend along with the marketing concept and the future belongs to controlling markets by creation of demand among potential customers (Applbaum, 2004, p. 203). Identification of markets The process of marketing commences with the identification of possible markets for the product, and culminates when the customers are satisfied with the products and services provided by the company. The whole idea behind identification of target markets is to find groups of people who consider that purchasing goods or services from the company would bring them benefit or value. Identification of market involves market segmentation, which is to find groups of people with similar wants and needs, so that products can be designed tailoring to the needs of these segments. The segments can be distributed based on gender, age, family size, geographical distribution etc. Target markets should be clearly identifiable and should consist of people who are able to buy the products if they are happy with the idea of possessing it (Weitz, Wensley, 2002, p. 3). Design of products to meet wants & needs Any marketing oriented company views customers as rational human beings having needs that apply universally to all human beings, and wants that consists of values that are rationally optional i.e. their tastes and preferences are logical and necessary for them, but not necessary to all the other human beings. A marketing oriented company then identifies the requirements of customers and designs its products suiting to the needs and wants of the people. In many cases the customers themselves are not aware of these requirements, the company designs a products and then markets them highlighting the requirements their product would fulfill thus creating a demand. Companies require the identification of needs and wants, to identify target markets, perform correct market segmentation, customize the products and sell it to people (Peter, Donnelley, 2002, p. 110). Pricing strategies Pricing is perhaps one of the most important decisions taken by marketing mix elements. This part of the marketing strategy decides organization’s profits, revenues and also to a very large extent competitiveness. Pricing strategies must be consistent with the organization’s marketing objectives and can result in prices that are high, low or neutral as compared to the competitors’ prices. Many companies use a range of pricing strategies which reflects the differences in the product portfolio, and are aimed to generate profits as well as satisfy the customers. Usually pricing of a new product in the market is complex, because everything is based on perceived values for the customers, and the estimates are mostly speculative (Cooper, Argyris, 1998, p. 506) Distribution structures & systems, promotional activities Distribution system ensures that the products reach the end customers with unnecessary delay. Efficient distribution system is directly related to the performance of a company in the market. Distribution channel consists of a combination of institutions through which a seller markets its product to the ultimate customer. Not all companies however have distribution channels, a classic example of which is Dell. However, majority of the large company consider distribution channels as efficient means to transfer the goods to the customers. Following are the elements of major marketing intermediaries or the components of a distribution channel: Middlemen and merchant middlemen, agents, wholesales, retailers, brokers, manufacturers agents and distributors (Peter, Donnelley, 2002, p. 157). While distribution channels facilitate the product reach to the customers, the promotional activities are done to make sure that the customer is aware of the product’s existence in the market. In the present times, this activity is very important due to the multiple sellers available for each product. Many of the company put up promotional offers to make the customers try out their products. Advertising is one of the most important type of promotional activity. In addition to this, many companies also tie up with existing facilities and sponsorship events to promote their products and services (Peter, Donnelley, 2002, p. 132). The evaluation of the marketing effort The evaluation aspect of marketing management involves making carefully judged objectives and media selection and measuring results against pre-determined goals. This activity is important because advertising, promotion and distribution channels are the costs which the company incurs at the time of marketing a product, and the efficiency of the methods would help in determining the effectiveness of these links of marketing management. This process is done through marketing research where the performance of the overall marketing systems is evaluated. It can be done by a third party or by organizing polls by the company or even by calling customers to ask their opinions (Varey, 2002, p. 316) Marketing problem identification Marketing problem identification is the first and foremost step of the marketing research process. The necessity of identification of a problem is very important. Unnecessary broadening or narrowing the scope of marketing problem leads to a waste of efforts and money spent. There must be consensus between the marketing managers and researchers about the specific nature of the problem (Majumdar, 1991, p. 11) Sources of secondary data Secondary data is defined as the data collected earlier for a purpose other than the one currently being pursued. In fact by definition any data, which is available prior to the commencement of marketing research, is secondary data. The key advantage of such data is the low cost and less time required for obtaining the data. It can also give insights to a situation, which may be exploited at a later stage. Care should however be taken to ensure that the data is not obsolete with reference to the problem being studied, and is also relevant (Majumdar, 1991, p. 42) One of the most important sources of secondary data are the government reports. In addition there are many research companies like A.C. Neilson and Co., Arbitron Co. IMS International, and Information Resources International who provide such data. Finally trade groups such as American Medical Association, National Association of Retail Dealers of America, or business publication like Million-dollar Directory and the Encyclopedia of Associations also provide useful secondary data that can be used by companies (Peter, Donnelley, 2002, p. 132). Sampling The sampling process consists of determining the target population on which the research is to be done related to the marketing problem. This target population would determine which elements should be present or not present in the research. Sampling unit is used as a basic unit to select elements from a target population. The next step is to select the sampling frame, which represents the samples from the target population. The perfect sampling frame is one in which every element of the target population is represented only once, and no elements are excluded or repeated. After this comes the sampling techniques which can be of many types like probability and non-probability sampling techniques, single unit and cluster sampling, un-stratified and stratified sampling, equal unit probability and unequal probability sampling, and single stage and multi stage sampling methods. Next step after this is selecting the sample size, which is an important criterion defining the accuracy of the research, but is always constrained by availability of target population and budget for research. This should be balanced to get the most accurate results within a target population. Finally the sampling process is executed by starting out to collect data from the target population (Cant, p.94) Experimentation In experimental research, the researcher manipulates an independent variable and measures its effect. This is done so as to understand the importance of a particular parameter on the target population, which serves to better understand the needs of the population. Experimentation is also used when the relation between variables is required to be measured. Many issues need to be researched while conducting an experimental research like setting up the environment, selection and measurement of dependent variable, the selection and assignment of test units, and control over extraneous and other variables (Cant, 2002, p.94) Data collection, analysis & report presentation After the data is taken from primary or secondary resources, it needs to be collected. The collection process is qualitative or quantitative in nature based on the type of information required. The data collected is analyzed using various techniques, which differ, from the type of source of data being used: primary or secondary. At the end a research report is prepared.   The report should contain the detailed information research process, which was used while conducting the study. The research report should also consist of the reason for the research to take place, give a brief problem statement and define primary and secondary objectives of research. In addition, the report should have the sources of information clearly mentioned. The next part of the report is where the researchers mention their finding, clearly defining the limitations and assumptions taken while conducting the data. The researchers many times include comprehensive tables and graphs to illustrate their findings. Finally based on the data and analysis the research the report gives conclusions and recommendations about the finding and many times also give the possible solutions of the problem. At the time of presentation an oral explanation is always preferred where the concerned parties can discuss and debate about the various finding and conclusions (Cant, 2002, p. 52).                                                                                                                                                 References Applbaum K, (2004), â€Å"The Marketing Era: From Professional Practice to Global   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Provisioning†, Roultedge, Published: New York Cant MN (2002), â€Å"Marketing Research†, New Africa Books, Published: South Africa Cooper CL, Argyris C, (1998), â€Å"The Concise Blackwell Encyclopedia of Management†, Blackwell Publishing. Majumdar R, (1991), â€Å"Marketing Management: Text Applications and Case Studies†, New Age Publishers, Published: New Delhi Peter JP, Donnelley JH, (2002), â€Å"A Preface to Marketing Management†, McGraw-Hill Professional, Published: New York Stone P, (2001), â€Å"Make Marketing Work for You: Boost Your Profits With Proven Marketing Techniques†, How to Books Ltd, Published: Oxford Varey RJ, (2002), â€Å"Marketing Communication: Principles and Practice†, Roultedge, Published: New York Weitz BA, Wensley R, (2002), â€Å"Handbook of Marketing†, SAGE, Published: California

My Best Holiday

Most of all I want to travel all around the world. I want to see new places and learn about different cultures. I love travelling so travelling around the whole world would be a dream come true. There are so many places I want to visit. I have been in 8 countries. One of them is England. I want to tell you about that trip, because it was a dream holiday. The trip lasted for 4 days. It was a girl trip, only me and my mum. We had to take the coast bus to Haugesund very early at the morning. We arrived Haugesund airport and took the plain to Stansted airport in London. I was very excited and had huge expectations because I had heard a lot positive about London before. When we took the bus from the airport to the hotel, I looked at the places we drove true. The houses were different from norway, a lot of them were made of brick. I could see already that london was a lot bigger than Stavanger. We came to a hotel, called Picadilly hotel or something, because the hotel was in a place called Picadilly sircus. Me and my mum were both tiard after the trip, so we decided to relax a bit this first evening. We took the sightseeing bus and looked at all the nice buildings, and for me who is interessted in culture (buildings, nature and so on) this was awsome. The bus trip lasted for about one hour. In the beginning of the trip it was light and we saw everything perfectly clear, we saw big ben, buckingham palace, and a lot of other increadable buildings. After some minutes it became a bit dark, and it was so nice to be on the sightseen bus, it was beautiful. A lot of light from all the buildings and bridges and so on. It was really an amazing journey just to sit on that bus. After that bustrip the clock was around nine/ten, then me and my mum walked in the streets of london and looked at the nightlife. The clock was ten and it was already so full of life in london city. So many different people, so many cool nighclubs, and so many cool stores. Ofcourse the stores were closed that late,but we looked forward to the next day, and the day after that, to do a lot of shopping in oxford street! I said earlier it was a girl trip so ofcourse we had to shop like crazy. That is one thing I connect with london, shopping! After we had seen enough of the unbelievable nightlife, we were very tiard, and went back to the hotel. We went to bed and slept as stones. The next day we woke up and ate breakfast at mc donalds acually, belive it or not. But well it is my favourite food. We took a look in the stores and we did some shopping, but we had the whole day tomorrow to shop, so we saved most of our money to the next day. This day we went to a museum called madame toussoud. I cant explain with words how much I liked that museum. Usually I think that museums are boring and not interesting, but this wasen`t boring at all, it was really cool. A lot of famous people made of wax. We took a lot of pictures, for axample my mum took a picture of me standing between prins Charles and prins Harry. There were also a lot of other famous people, like: Orlando Bloom, Will Smith, John Travolta, Bush, Adolf Hitler, among others. There was also a little room, in that room there were real people dressed in scary customs. I went inside with some other people, and seriously I was scared to death. A mummy came towards me, and all the other people was running away, but I was left there for a while, because the mummy wouldn`t let me go. That was so scary. I was screaming like crazy. After some seconds I tried to get away from that creapy mummy, but he ran after me. I reached the other people, then I felt a lot more safe. Then suddenly there came an arm out of the wall, that tried to reach me. Oh I was so frightened, even though they were just real persons with custums. When I finally came out of the room, I was shacking and my heart were almost jumping out. But I did laugh, and was surprised of how scared I was in there. After we had been to madame toussoud we went to an italian restaurant. There were a lot of good food there, yammi.. We went back to the hotel, changed some clothes and then we went to a musical. We saw the phantom of the opera. It was so fun. The people were so good actresses and good singers. And it was an experience too be there. The musical room was so beautiful, and people were dressed up very nice. The atmosphere was absolutly great! I really recommend going to a musical in london, its nothing like theatre at home, its thousands time better. After the musical we went to a cosy little bar. There we met some guys from Australia. I had a good eye on one of the boys, and we flirted a bit with each other. He came over to me and my mum and started to talk to us. He seemed like a really kind and handsome boy, Adam was his name. Adam and his friends asked us if we wanted to come with them to another bar, after some yes and no, we decided to come with them. We got to know them, and they were some great guys. Adam gave me his e-mail and wanted me to write to him the first day I got home norway. Me and my mum went back to the hotel. we got our beauty sleep and woke up the day after with butterflies in our stomach. Today was the big shopping day.. We tried to walk to Oxford street from our hotel, but we didnt find out were it was so we took taxi. It was so many stores, I didnt know where to start. We bought a lot of clothes, well I certainly did. My mum thought I was a crazy shopper. Well im a teenage girl, that may explain it. Our legs hurt afterwards, and we couldn`t wait to come back to the hotel. I had bought so many clothes that we had to buy a new bag to have the clothes in. When we had relaxed a bit on the hotel, we ate at a steak house restaurant. It was very expencive there, but the food was absolutely worth the money. We went to the cinema and we saw the break-up with Jennifer Aniston. That was an okey movie. Not the best, but still it was cool to be there and perfect when our legs were hurting form all our shopping. Then we went to bed. The next day we had to get up very early, around 5 o`clock in the morning. Then we had to take the taxi to the bus, and the bus to Stansted airport. We arrived at Haugsund aiport and took the coastbus home to Stavanger. We came home about 5 `clock in the evening. It was nice to sleep in my own bed again, but four days was definitely not enought. London was great. I would like to travel back at least one more time. This was my dream holiday, and it came true. I wonder where I will end up next time, maybe Cuba, Paris, Rome, Venize, Careabeen, and so on. Can bearly wait for the next trip. This london trip will be hard to beat, but we never know.

Stages through developmental psychology

The Life of Juan Leonardo from Birth Through Adolescence Diver University John Smith This report is based on the adolescent life of Juan Leonardo, who is 17 years old and a senior in High School. I interviewed Jean's mother Maria Leonardo. She weighs around 150 lbs and she is 5'5 inches tall. She has the ability to obtain and apply many are that she is loyal, she is devoted, she had an affectionate family upbringing, aspiring, ambitious and she has always been highly motivated. She does what she can to better her family life.She is extroverted and she enjoys social interactions and tends to be enthusiastic, verbal, assertive, and active. She told me that she enjoys large social gatherings, such as parties and cooking large meals for her family and friends. She is a nurturer and a caregiver. Her weaknesses are that Maria is very talkative and not a good listener at times. She has no history of any medical issues in her family. Maria believes that the best thing in life is family and t hat is what she values most. All through her pregnancy she had no issue with her health. She talks bout the early symptoms which include headaches, nausea and lower backaches.In the first three months of her pregnancy, Maria said she slept more often, but it was a restless sleep. She felt sleepier during the day and was having more difficulty sleeping at night than before she was pregnant. She knew that she needed to eat healthy for her and her son, so she made sure that she increased her intake of protein, folic acid, iron and calories. She was twenty six years old when she got pregnant with Juan. Maria felt that she was very active while pregnant with Juan cause she already had two other young children and she was always running around after them.She didn't smoke or drink alcohol during any of her pregnancies. She did have a lot of prenatal care from her doctor and never missed any appointments. Juan fell in the 95th percentile at 36 months on the growth chart. He was extremely br ight and he had the abilities to learn very fast. Maria said Juan did everything a little faster than an ordinary child. His cognitive abilities with memory and problem solving were above average and Maria felt he was always learning to do wings by himself. He exhibited the Piglet's seniority thinking and operational thinking.Even though during his seniority stage he had limited knowledge of the world, he still was more advanced than others is age. During his operational stage he started reading and he definitely exceeded the expected milestones. During his first stage of the Erosion's psychosocial stage, Juan was very nurtured by his mother Maria so he gained a lot of trust in her and he had a very secure attachment. Juan wanted to do everything by himself, like using the toilet by myself and brushing his teeth during the second stage. Juan became more active during the third stage always rough housing with his brothers.Maria was very involved in Jean's preschool activities. She vo lunteered to come in and help out during all the class parties and events. Maria helped Juan understand his feelings, good and bad, and he was shaped to behave almost Just like the image of Maria herself. Juan showed a lot of empathy for others and was a very loving child. Because Juan was the youngest of three he always had to share with his brothers. He as very attached to his mother, never wanting to leave her side. Maria said that Juan had lots of memories growing up.They took many vacations to the ocean and camping as a family. He was always acting more than his age, very active, and loved outdoor activities like soccer and swimming. Juan had a rapid growth in height between ages 9. 5 and 14. 5, peaking at around age 13. His motor skills begin to develop earlier, which helps explain why he always seem happy drawing, coloring, painting and cutting things out of paper and she was often more satisfied sitting still s he is somewhat stalks. During elementary school years Juan was v ery advanced in doing his schoolwork.He was very physically fit as a child and he loved playing sport with other children. Though out the processes of cognitive development he was able to master problem solving, and decision-making, from childhood through to adolescence. He never lacked ideas or an opinion and he was always learning from others. Jean's father was not around after he was born so he was raised solely by his mother. They had a very close relationship and while she was very caring Maria was also very strict. She would punish her son's with timeouts and if necessary she would spank them.The lack of his father did not have any negative effects on Jean's development. Instead, Maria believes this made Juan want to be a better man for his mother and his brothers. Juan had a large circle of friends. He was never the type to stay inside playing video games or watching television. Juan loved to be outdoors and was very active, He loved soccer in basketball later in his adolesce nce and was very skilled at all physical activities he participated in, Jean's older brother's spoke tit him about sexual maturation and puberty.He developed normally and did not go through any negative effects because of this. He did not struggle with his weight because he and his brothers were so active. He was generally happy going through all the different stages in life. Maria believes in teaching a child to feels good about themselves and not to think about what others are saying. His social and emotional needs did not interfere with his way of thinking because he was always given the chance to express his feelings and thoughts with his family.Juan said that he was ware of his social status and he felt the need to behave in a way that maintains his positive image. Any behavior that may be socially unacceptable to his peers, elders, or mother was not acceptable. He was never into drugs or drinking. Juan always wanted to keep his nose clean and make Maria proud. As he was going through the four identity stage, he was most worried about his self-identity. Without a father Juan sometimes struggled making decisions that would prove he was a good young man.He questioned what was right and wrong sometimes, but he always looked to his other and thought if she would approve or not. Jean's self-esteem and values were very high, he never let any factors affects his life negatively. Juan is an honorable and respectful young man who has a bright future ahead of him. His amazing mother, Maria did a commendable Job raising him as a single mother and she is doing everything in her power to raise Juan in the right way. He is respectful and well behaved from what I learned as I was interviewing Juan and Maria. I know Juan makes his mother very proud.

Why Pyramids Dont Work Simple Examples

Why Pyramids Dont Work Simple Examples Pyramids Schemes Explained A pyramid scheme is a type of investment scheme in which investors earn profits from the recruiting of new members to the scheme; all pyramid schemes inevitably fail because they rely on geometric growth to sustain returns for the investors, and eventually reach a point at which they collapse. A pyramid scheme is similar to a Ponzi scheme in that it relies on ever-increasing numbers of later investors to provide returns for earlier investors, but differs in that returns for investors are directly tied to the number of new investors each can recruit. Multi-level marketing (MLM) programs, which are legal in most places, are actually a form of pyramid scheme. There are a number of variations in the form of pyramid schemes. The three most common are the simple pyramid scheme, the 8-Ball Model, and the 2-Up System; the latter two are the basic format, with some slight adjustments, of most MLM systems. Simple Pyramid Schemes The simplest form of a pyramid scheme is also sometimes called a â€Å"chain-letter† scheme. The starter of the pyramid will recruit some number of investors, each of whom will pay him a certain amount. The second group of investors each recruits the same number of investors, thus earning several times over their original investment, i.e. the amount they each paid to the first investor at the tip of the pyramid. In order to earn a profit, each investor in each successive level must recruit the same number of people. For example, Investor Number One at the top of the pyramid recruits six new members for $1 each, earning a profit of $6. These six recruits then recruit six new members each, earning $5 profit and adding 36 people to the pyramid. In order to earn their profit, the 36 members on the third level of the pyramid must recruit a total of 216 people, who subsequently must recruit 1,296 people, and so on. This illustration published a few years ago by the US Securities and Exchange Commission shows how this pyramid scheme quickly becomes unrealistic: This kind of pyramid scheme is illegal everywhere, for obvious reasons; the only investor who is guaranteed a return is the one at the top of the pyramid, and practically speaking, anyone below the fourth or fifth level of the pyramid is likely to lose 100% of his investment. Want to know more? Go here: Currency Exchange Rates and Management Difference Between Management and Leadership Five Components of Service Management Buy Research Paper Online Top 10 Tips on Buying an Essay The 8-Ball Model The 8-Ball Model, which is called that because a diagram of it resembles a rack of billiard balls, is a format used by some MLM schemes. In an 8-Ball scheme, members do not receive a profit from new recruits until three levels are recruited. For example, Company X is set up so that each new member can collect a $100 payment for â€Å"starter kits† for new members (this kind of arrangement is made because of laws in most places requiring that members of an MLM program receive goods of â€Å"equivalent value† for any â€Å"membership fee† or initial investment they make). But, payment is not made until the third generation of recruits. Member 1 recruits two new members, who recruit four, who recruit eight new members. These eight pay a total of $800 to Member 1. When the eight members on the third level of the pyramid recruit their two new members each, the two originally recruited by Member 1 receive $800 each from the 16 new level-four members.  The bottom thre e levels in an 8-Ball Model will always lose 100% of their investment, no matter how many levels there are. The 2-Up System The 2-Up System is a variation that is used by MLM schemes because it encourages recruits to work harder to recruit new members. In a 2-Up format, the â€Å"sales income† – which might be actual sales of products, or might simply be the initial â€Å"starter kit† purchase – from the first two people a person recruit goes to that person’s own recruiter; the sales from the third and any subsequent recruits then go to that person. In a 2-Up System, the bottom level always loses 100% of their investment, while the second-lowest level always breaks even. The 2-Up System is used in MLM schemes, because the opportunity for income grows exponentially as one moves higher up the pyramid; however, it requires that three times as many people be recruited for each new level in order for the preceding level to earn a profit, and quickly runs out of available recruits (particularly if they’re smart, and realize they’re being rooked). Differences between MLMs and Pyramid Schemes The only difference between an MLM and a regular pyramid scheme, and what makes MLMs legal while pyramid schemes are not is that the sale of products at least theoretically gives members the opportunity to earn income without recruiting new members. So in the example 2-Up System in the diagram above, the network would not necessarily have to expand beyond the four levels that are shown. Let’s suppose that the company represented by the diagram sells a product which has a cost to dealers of $9, and retails for $10. Let’s also suppose (to keep things simple) that the top level (the black oval) was recruited by the company directly, and that the top level recruit does not actually sell any products, preferring to simply profit from the sales of his â€Å"downstream†. If each member below the top level sells one product, the top level makes $7, the second level makes $3, the third level makes $1 each, and the fourth level makes no profit at all – exactly the same proportion of returns as if the framework were a naked pyramid scheme. The company (the recruiter of the top level in this example) is guaranteed a profit of just $2 from a total of 15 products sold. That should tell you something about the real cost (and likely the quality) of products offered through multi-level marketing schemes, as well as the futility of investing in one. Unless you are fortunate enough to be near the top of the pyramid – whether it’s a legitimate (if only just) MLM program or an actual pyramid scheme – the claims of high returns these schemes offer mean, â€Å"High returns for those who came before you.† Best to do your homework, and find safer ways to invest your money.

Can We Affect Political Change essays

Can We Affect Political Change essays I think we can affect the progression of Canada's political changes, by making a stand as a group, we can help mould the changes made in our societal goals and create a strong and sustainable economy, and over time make Canada a better place to live. Their will always be an opposition to peace or of symbiotic relationships between all things, but we are only weak if we let that hinder what we want as a society. However, there are people such as Martin Luther King and Lester B. Pearson who have proved that we can in fact achieve political change. Martin Luther Kings speech in 1963 has made a huge impact of how white people view and treat black people, his speech helped change our society freed black people from their own sense of having to except oppression, the saying all men were created equal despite our difference's has become more true then ever before. Lester Pearson was a career foreign service officer who became Prime Minister of Canada, at the time of our centennial in 1967. His message was that we could build this nation on the strength of two official languages and that we could be a multi cultural society. Mr. Pearson's vision changed this country for ever. The people of this country began to invite families from every part of the world and many people began to realize that when we worked together we could make our dreams become realitys. We began to have confidence as a nation and our sense of community became stronger then ever. Mr. Pearson was followed by prime minister Pierre Trudeau, whos strength of character, intellect and sheer strength of personality caused Canadians in every region across the country to begin to act upon their strengths and to pay less attention to their weakness' perhaps his greatest contribution was the Charter of rights and freedoms. The Charter dramatically strengthened the rights of individuals such that none of us need to be forced into a grey background without ...

The Laws of Thermodynamics in Biological Systems

The Laws of Thermodynamics in Biological Systems The laws of thermodynamics are important unifying principles of biology. These principles govern the chemical processes (metabolism) in all biological organisms. The First Law of Thermodynamics, also known ​as the law of conservation of energy, states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed. It may change from one form to another, but the energy in a closed system remains constant. The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that when energy is transferred, there will be less energy available at the end of the transfer process than at the beginning. Due to entropy, which is the measure of disorder in a closed system, all of the available energy will not be useful to the organism. Entropy increases as energy is transferred. In addition to the laws of thermodynamics, the cell theory, gene theory, evolution, and homeostasis form the basic principles that are the foundation for the study of life. First Law of Thermodynamics in Biological Systems All biological organisms require energy to survive. In a closed system, such as the universe, this energy is not consumed but transformed from one form to another. Cells, for example, perform a number of important processes. These processes require energy. In photosynthesis, the energy is supplied by the sun. Light energy is absorbed by cells in plant leaves and converted to chemical energy. The chemical energy is stored in the form of glucose, which is used to form complex carbohydrates necessary to build plant mass. The energy stored in glucose can also be released through cellular respiration. This process allows plant and animal organisms to access the energy stored in carbohydrates, lipids, and other macromolecules through the production of ATP. This energy is needed to perform cell functions such as DNA replication, mitosis, meiosis, cell movement, endocytosis, exocytosis, and apoptosis. Second Law of Thermodynamics in Biological Systems As with other biological processes, the transfer of energy is not 100 percent efficient. In photosynthesis, for example, not all of the light energy is absorbed by the plant. Some energy is reflected and some is lost as heat. The loss of energy to the surrounding environment results in an increase of disorder or entropy. Unlike plants and other photosynthetic organisms, animals cannot generate energy directly from the sunlight. They must consume plants or other animal organisms for energy. The higher up an organism is on the food chain, the less available energy it receives from its food sources. Much of this energy is lost during metabolic processes performed by the producers and primary consumers that are eaten. Therefore, much less energy is available for organisms at higher trophic levels. (Trophic levels are groups that help ecologists understand the specific role of all living things in the ecosystem.) The lower the available energy, the less number of organisms can be supported. This is why there are more producers than consumers in an ecosystem. Living systems require constant energy input to maintain their highly ordered state. Cells, for example, are highly ordered and have low entropy. In the process of maintaining this order, some energy is lost to the surroundings or transformed. So while cells are ordered, the processes performed to maintain that order result in an increase in entropy in the cells/organisms surroundings. The transfer of energy causes entropy in the universe to increase.

Subtle Racism and the Problems It Poses

Subtle Racism and the Problems It Poses When some people hear the word racism, the subtle forms of bigotry known as racial microaggressions dont come to mind. Instead, they imagine a man in a white hood or a burning cross on a lawn. In reality, most people of color will never encounter a Klansman or be casualties of a lynch mob. They wont even be killed by police, although blacks and Latinos are frequent targets of police violence. Members of racial minority groups are much more likely to be the victims of subtle racism, also known as everyday racism, covert racism or racial microaggressions. This sort of racism has a damaging effect on its targets, many of whom struggle to see it for what it is. So just what is subtle racism? Defining Everyday Racism A study conducted by San Francisco State Universitys (SFSU) Professor Alvin Alvarez identified everyday racism as subtle, commonplace forms of discrimination, such as being ignored, ridiculed or treated differently. Explains Alvarez, a counseling professor, These are incidents that may seem innocent and small, but cumulatively they can have a powerful impact on an individuals mental health. Annie Barnes further illuminates the matter in her book Everyday Racism: A Book for All Americans. She identifies such racism as a virus of sorts exhibited in the body language, speech and isolating attitude of racists, among other behaviors. Due to the covertness of such behaviors, victims of this form of racism may struggle to determine for certain if bigotry is at play. Examples of Racial Microaggressions In Everyday Racism, Barnes tells the story of Daniel, a black college student whose apartment building manager asked him not to listen to music on his earphones while strolling the premises. Supposedly other residents found it distracting. The problem? Daniel observed that a white youth in his complex had a similar radio with earphones and that the supervisor never complained about him. Based on their fears or stereotypes of black men, Daniels neighbors found the image of him listening to earphones off-putting but made no objections to his white counterpart doing the same thing. This gave Daniel the message that someone with his skin color must adhere to a different set of standards, a revelation that made him uneasy. While Daniel acknowledged that racial discrimination was to blame for why the manager treated him differently, some victims of everyday racism fail to make this connection. These people only invoke the word racism when someone blatantly commits a racist act such as using a slur. But they may want to rethink their reluctance to identify something as racist. Although the notion that talking about racism too much makes matters worse is widespread, the SFSU study found the opposite to be true. Trying to ignore these insidious incidents could become taxing and debilitating over time, chipping away at a persons spirit, Alvarez explained. Ignoring Certain Racial Groups Ignoring people of certain races is another example of subtle racism. Say a Mexican American woman enters a store waiting to be served, but the employees behave as if shes not there, continuing to rifle through store shelves or sorting through papers. Soon afterward, a white woman enters the store, and the employees immediately wait on her. They help the Mexican American woman only after they wait on her white counterpart. The covert message sent to the Mexican-American customer? Youre not as worthy of attention and customer service as a white person is. Sometimes people of color are ignored in a strictly social sense. Say a Chinese American man visits a mostly white church for a few weeks but each Sunday no one talks to him. Moreover, few people even bother to greet him. Meanwhile, a white visitor to the church is invited out to lunch during his very first visit. Churchgoers not only talk to him but supply him with their phone numbers and email addresses. In a matter of weeks, hes thoroughly enmeshed in the churchs social network. The church members may be surprised to learn that the Chinese American man believes he was the victim of racial exclusion. After all, they just felt a connection with the white visitor that they lacked with the Chinese American man. Later, when the topic of increasing diversity at the church comes up, everyone shrugs when asked how to attract more parishioners of color. They fail to connect how their coldness to the people of color who do occasionally visit makes their religious institution unwelcoming to them. Ridiculing Based on Race Subtle racism not only takes the form of ignoring people of color or treating them differently but of ridiculing them. But how can ridicule from race be covert? Gossip writer  Kitty Kelleys unauthorized biography  Oprah  is a case in point. In the book, the talk show queens  looks  are excoriated- but in a particularly racialized way. Kelley quotes a source who says: Oprah without hair and makeup is a pretty scary sight. But once her prep people do their magic, she becomes super glam. They narrow her nose and thin her lips with three different liners†¦and her hair. Well, I cant even begin to describe the wonders they perform with her hair. Why does this description reek of  subtle racism? Well, the source isnt just saying she finds Oprah unattractive without the help of a hair and makeup team but criticizing the blackness of Oprahs features. Her nose is too wide, her lips are too big, and her hair is unmanageable, the source asserts. Such features are all commonly associated with  African Americans. In short, the source suggests that Oprah is mainly unattractive because shes black. How else are people subtly ridiculed based on race or national origin? Say an immigrant speaks English fluently but has a slight accent. The immigrant may encounter Americans who always ask that he repeat himself, talk to him loudly or interrupt him when he tries to engage them in a discussion. These are racial microaggressions that send a message to the immigrant that hes unworthy of their conversation. Before long, the immigrant may develop a complex about his accent, even though he speaks fluent English, and withdraw from conversations before hes rejected. How to Cope With Subtle Racism If you have proof or a strong hunch that youre being treated differently, ignored or ridiculed based on race, make it an issue. According to Alvarez study, which appears in the April 2010 issue of the  Journal of Counseling Psychology, men who reported incidents of subtle racism or confronted those responsible, lowered amounts of personal distress while boosting self-esteem. On the other hand, the study found that women who disregarded incidents of subtle racism developed increased levels of stress. In short, speak out about racism in all its forms for your mental health. The Cost of Disregarding Everyday Racism When we think of racism only in extremes, we allow subtle racism to continue wreaking havoc in peoples lives. In an  essay  called Everyday Racism, White Liberals and the Limits of Tolerance, anti-racist activist Tim Wise explains: Since hardly anyone will admit to  racial prejudice  of any type, focusing on bigotry, hatred, and acts of intolerance only solidifies the belief that racism is something out there, a problem for others, but not me, or anyone I know.   Wise argues that because everyday racism is much more prevalent than extreme racism, the former reaches more peoples lives and does more lasting damage. Thats why its important to make an issue out of racial microaggressions. More than racial extremists, Im more concerned about the 44 percent (of Americans) who still believe its all right for white homeowners to discriminate against black renters or buyers, or the fact that less than half of all whites think the government should have any laws to ensure equal opportunity in employment, than I am about guys running around in the woods with guns, or lighting birthday cakes to Hitler every April 20th, Wise says. While racial extremists are no doubt dangerous, they are largely isolated from most of society. Why not focus on tackling the pernicious forms of racism that affect Americans regularly? If awareness about subtle racism is raised, more people will recognize how they contribute to the problem and work to change. The result? Race relations will improve for the better.

Why are you interested in the degree programmes (graduate Essay

Why are you interested in the degree programmes (graduate programme-mechanical engineering) at Nanyang technological university - Essay Example Mentorship from my uncle is another reason for my course selection. He has great passion for his profession and tells me that the scope of aeronautical engineering is interesting and therefore motivational. This means that aeronautical engineers are able to derive utility from their job and this reduces chances of career mobility at later stages of life that can have its disadvantages such as difficulties in self-establishment and development in the new career. My subjects selection at the CBSE level of study and the level of competence that I have developed in mathematics and physics are other reasons for my choice of mechanical engineering because I am confident of the potential to succeed in the course that require physics and mathematics knowledge as a prerequisite. In addition, I have developed personal interest in aeronautical engineering and I do enjoy flights and spending time at airports, watching aeronautical engineers in the hanger. I also prefer Nanyang Technical Universi ty because it is an established institution with reputable facilities and academic staff. Interaction with my uncle, an aeronautical engineer, long-term passion in the scope of mechanical engineering, proper subject selection at the CBSE syllabus, and passion for aeronautical engineering are my motivation into the cause. I am confident that they will motivate my success in the